1. As per CARs 602.61, if your journey is more than 25 nm from your aerodrome, you must carry means of starting a fire, purifying water, making a shelter, and signalling distress. Obviously the situation is going to be different depending on whether you're flying from Vancouver to Chilliwack or Iqaluit to Kangiqsualujjuaq. There is an annex in the back of the AIP-AIR which describes conditions in different parts of the country, and suggests appropriate equipment.

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2. A radio is only required in controlled airspace or where there is a mandatory frequency.

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3. Some passenger operations are restricted to multi-engined aircraft, but there are many passenger charters that fly hundreds of miles in single engine aircraft.